Lesson 11
Some, any

Some = a little, a few or a small number or amount
Any = one, some or all
Usually, we use some in positive (+) sentences and any in negative (-) and question (?) sentences.

Positive sentence
I have some money.
Example with the same meaning of the sentence:
I have $10.

Negative sentence:
I don't have any money.
Example with the same meaning of the sentence:
I don't have $1 and I don't have $10 and I don't have $1,000,000. I have $0.

Question sentence:
Do you have any money?
Do you have $1 or $10 or $1,000,000?


Tip:
In general, we use something/anything and somebody/anybody in the same way as some/any.

Look at these examples:
He needs some stamps.
I must go. I have some homework to do.
I'm thirsty. I want something to drink.
I can see somebody coming.

He doesn't need any stamps.
I can stay. I don't have any homework to do.
I'm not thirsty. I don't want anything to drink.
I can't see anybody coming.

Does he need any stamps?
Do you have any homework to do?
Do you want anything to drink?
Can you see anybody coming?

We use any in a positive sentence when the real sense is negative.
I refused to give them any money. (I did not give them any money)
She finished the test without any difficulty. (she did not have any difficulty)

Sometimes we use some in a question, when we expect a positive YES answer. (We could say that it is not a real question, because we think we know the answer already.)
Would you like some more tea?
Could I have some sugar, please?

درس یازدهم

Some, any

some به معنای یک کم، یک مقدار کوچک، یک اندازه ی کوچک میباشد
Any به معنای یک، یک کم، و یا همه میباشد
معمولا از Some در جملات مثبت و any در جملات منفی و سوالی استفاده میکنیم.


جمله ی مثبت
I have some money.
مثال>
I have $10.
من 10 دلار دارم.

جمله ی منفی:
I don't have any money.
من هیچ پولی ندارم
مثال>
I don't have $1 and I don't have $10 and I don't have $1,000,000. I have $0.
من نه 1 دلار نه 10 دلار و نه 1 میلیون دلار پول دارم. من 0 دلار پول دارم.

جمله ی سوالی:
Do you have any money?
یه کمی پول داری؟ یا هیچ پولی داری؟
مثال>
Do you have $1 or $10 or $1,000,000?
1 دلار یا 10 دلار یا 1 میلیون دلار پول داری؟

نکته
معمولا ما از something/anything و somebody/anybody به همین روش که برای some/any ذکر شد استفاده میکنیم.
به مثالهای زیر توجه کنید>
He needs some stamps.
I must go. I have some homework to do.
I'm thirsty. I want something to drink.
I can see somebody coming.

He doesn't need any stamps.
I can stay. I don't have any homework to do.
I'm not thirsty. I don't want anything to drink.
I can't see anybody coming.

Does he need any stamps?
Do you have any homework to do?
Do you want anything to drink?
Can you see anybody coming

ما از any در جملات مثبتی استفاده میکنید زمانی که (معنای) جمله ی اصلی منفی است

I refused to give them any money. (I did not give them any money)
من با دادن پول به آنها مقابله کردم. (یعنی من هیچ پولی به آنها ندادم)

She finished the test without any difficulty. (she did not have any difficulty)
او امتحان را بدون هیچ مشکلی به پایان رسانید. ( یعنی او هیچ مشکلی نداشت)

گاهی اوقات ما از some در یک سوال استفاده میکنیم، زمانی که ما منتظر جواب مثبت هستیم. میتوانیم بگوییم که این یک سوال واقعی نیست چون فکر میکنیم جواب را از قبل میدانیم!
Would you like some more tea?
کمی بیشتر چای میل دارید؟ (معادل یک چای دیگر میخوری در فارسی)

Could I have some sugar, please
میشود لطفا مقداری شکر داشته باشم؟