نكته هاي گرامري زبان انگليسي  افعال مدال

can - could / had to /have to – has to

Can

اين فعل کمکي توانايي در زمان حال را بيان مي کند و بعد از اين فعل کمکي از شکل ساده فعل استفاده مي شود و فعلي که بعد از can قرار مي گيرد نبايد ing – ed – es – s داشته باشد.

1- Can john ……. Here by lunch time
a) got
b) get *
c) gets
d) getting

2- The children ………. Read this book now. They don’t read it before.
a) could
b) has to
c) can *
d) had to

اگر توجه داشته باشيم قيد زمان ما now است بنابراين گزينه c درست است و دليل ديگر اينکه children جمع است و با گزينه has to قرار نمي گيرد.

3- The student can ……..the question very easily.
a) answers
b) to answer
c) answered
d) answer *

4- We ……..talk about that later.
a) could
b) can*
c) had to
d) has to

در اينجا بعد از can شکل ساده فعل را داريم و has to چون براي مفرد است، به کار نمي رود چون we جمع مي باشد.

could

1- توانايي کار در زمان گذشته را بيان مي کند.
2- بعد از آن شکل ساده فعل قرار مي گيرد.
3- could گذشته canمي باشد.

a) 1- I can swim well. But I ……..swim very well before.
cannot
b) shouldn’t
c) couldn’t *
d) mustn’t

تنها گزينه اي که به گذشته اشاره دارد couldn’t است و گزينه c درست است.

2- All the students could ……..the questions easily yesterday.
a) answers
b) answer *
c) to answer
d) answering

چون بعد از could فعل بصورت ساده قرار مي گيرد.

3- Could you …….. English 4 years ago.
a) wrote
b) to write
c) writing
d) write *

Could فعل کمکي زمان گذشته است و ago هم زمان گذشته را نشان مي دهد و بعد از could بايد فعل به صورت ساده بيايد.

4- He couldn’t ……..how jet engines work. a) explains
b) explain *
c) to explain
d) explaining

چون could زمان گذشته است و بعد از آن فعل به صورت ساده بيان مي شود.

have to – has to

1- اجبار در زمان حال را بيان مي کند.
2- بعد از آن فعل به صورت ساده بيان مي شود

1- I have to ……… an appointment with the dentist.
a) makes
b) make *
c) to make
d) making

بعد از has to و have to فعل بايد به شکل ساده بيايد.

2- Does she ……… speak French in her job?
a) has to
b) had to
c) have to *
d) can

ابتدا ذکر مي کنيم گزينه a درست است اما بايد دقت کنيم که وقتي که has to و have to با فعل کمکي سؤال مي شود، فعلهاي کمکي اين دو فعل do،does هستند و يادمان باشد وقتي has to با فعل کمکي does سئوالي شود، فعل تبديل به have to مي شود.

3- She has to ……… her lesson carefully.
a) study *
b) studied
c) to study
d) studying

4- Does john ……..help his mother at home?
a) have to *
b) has to
c) had to
d) can

چون جمله با فعل does سؤالي شده has to تبديل مي شود.

had to مجبور بودن

1- had to اجبار در زمان گذشته را بيان مي کند.
2- گذشته have to و has to، had to مي باشد.
3- بعد از had to بايد شکل ساده فعل قرار بگيرد.

1- They didn’t know the address. They ……… ask a policeman.
a) have to
b) can
c) had to *
d) can

چون اتفاق در زمان گذشته است از فعل کمکي had to استفاده مي کنيم.

2- Reza was late for class. He ……..see the teacher.
a) has to
b) can
c) should
d) had to *

چون was گذشته است بنابراين had to صحيح مي باشد.

3- The old man was sick. He had to ……….The doctor.
a) saw
b) see *
c) sees
d) seen

چون was گذشته است و در جلسه had to داريم بنابراين بايد شکل ساده فعل قرار بگيرد.

4- I had to ……… for her three hours yesterday.
a) wait *
b) waiting
c) waited
d) waits